Monday, 30 May 2011

Food Photography

What is food photography?
As name suggests food photography is an art of photographing food!
Art is not just in clicking the picture but also on how to make it look more enticing. World is full of food lovers and great cooks. All of these people would like to see great pictures of food.

"Its a fact that food is first consumed by eyes, then nose and then mouth. Its important to pleases all these senses." So if you are selling food, you know what is the first thing you want to do for customers to like your place even before they are served your delicacies!

Food photography is not as simple as it may sound there are various factors that play key role in getting good food photographs. One need to master various techniques other than photography for becoming a good food photographer. Some of these are:
  • Lighting
  • Styling
  • Art direction
  • Understanding colors, textures, etc.
Few tips for food photography:
  • Shoot with mild lighting to capture those beautiful textures created. You may want to use harder light to bring out the overall shape, let the food make this choice for you. 
  • Do not shoot in dark, avoid using flash. If required shoot outside in open natural light.
  • Use less quantity of food than what you would serve someone to eat.
  • Shoot from an lower angle, unless you are getting a very interesting top shot. Lower angle will help you create the depth.
  • Compose your subject to fit tightly in to the frame, you can choose to leave a little space for cropping freedom during post processing.
  • Allow food to spillover naturally, you can try and be more artistic but overdoing may spoil the photograph.
  • Shoot with shallow depth of filed so that your focus is concentrated on the main subject. Use macro lens if you have one.
  • Capture the temperature, make it look hot or cold based on types of dish you are photographing. You can make food look hot by using a bit of vegetable oil on it.  It will also avoid food from looking dry. You can make food look cold by suing a few ice cubed or creating mild vapor around it.
  • Remember your main subject is food, try to avoid picturing other decoration around it. Decorations on the food is the key things to capture.
  • Try both landscape and portrait shots, chose what looks better sometimes you will get both nice.
  • Have a back up, food may look fresh for a certain period of time. If your shoot is taking more time than expected and the food looses its charm you must plan to replace it with a very similar looking stand by. 
  • Choose the distance and position of light carefully. Placing light on the top, behind or some other weird angle will not highlight the key textures that you may want to capture. Distance of light will control the intensity and glare on food item.
  • Use tripod, its always better to use tripod as while shooting using mild lighting and indoor you may have too shoot at very slow shutter speed and you would not want to create blurred pictures of those beautiful mouth watering dishes in front of you. 
  • Consider using multiples to create a pattern.
  • Do not shoot less quantity of food in bigger container unless you are trying out something creative.

Related reading:
http://www.foodportfolio.com/blog/food_photography/food_photgraphy.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_photography
http://www.digital-photography-school.com/angles-for-food-photography

Sunday, 29 May 2011

Photojournalism

 What is Photojournalism?

Photojournalism is an art of capturing action and presenting it to the world were it tells its own story.
This is a very responsible form of photography where one should be ethically right and not try to mislead people for their personal benefits.

"Capture the truth and show it as it is."

Is that so easy? Not always.

A photojournalist have to face a lot of challenges it can be anything for hectic schedule, bad weather, dangerous locations, etc.


Friday, 27 May 2011

Fine Art Photography

What is fine art photography?
In fine art photography pictures are taken with artistic aspect of outcome in mind.

Fine art photography are normally used for commercial purposes.

Some also mistake them to be photojournalism pictures, but they are quite different and their intent of use is very different as well.


Documentrary Photography

What is Documentary photography?
Documentary photography is specialized form of photography which is specifically used for story telling.

Photograph taken in this kind of photography usually cover people and talk about their situations and surroundings.
Documentary photographs usually:
  • Depict a situation
  • Recreate historical moment

Social documentary focuses on  taking pictures that depict social conditions of underprivileged people, society, country etc.

10 Quick tips for Documentary photography:
http://www.photoanswers.co.uk/Advice/Search-Results/Techniques/Documentary-photography--10-quick-tips/


Wednesday, 25 May 2011

Architectural Photography

What is Architectural Photography?
Swarna Mandir, Rajgir, Bihar


In simple words, architectural photography is art of clicking buildings. Many people use this form of photography for different purposes.
Architectural photographers started this for taking pictures of buildings which were used by other architects as reference. Some of them started traveling and capturing popular, unique kinds of building and these pictures made way into magazines and other communication mediums.




Architecture photography is another interesting form of art with comes with its own sets of challanges.
  • You need to travel to the location and shoot sometimes it may get very time consuming process.
  • You might not get right lighting at the time you are in the location.
  • You might not get enough space around the architecture you want to click. 
  • Climate can make it difficult for your to take the pictures that you desire. You may need to change your plan.
Victoria memorial in the evening lights
Victoria Memorial lit up at night

Suggested Gear for architectural photography:
  • Any camera that can take decent pictures can be used for architectural photography. Advanced camera can help you take better pictures in different light conditions and different time of a day.
  • Wide angle lens can help you capture more and from closer distances, they also help you get some creative freedom.
  • Tripod / Monopods can help in low light conditions.  

Tips for architecture photography:
Enchey Monastery, Gangtok, Sikkim
  • Research: Do some research on what popular architectures are present around you or the place that you are visiting.
  • Find out what is unique / popular about a particular building that you are going to photograph.
  • Spend some time in finding right angle and composing your frame before you start taking picture. 
  • Check for light metering if possible and adjust exposure accordingly.
  • Try to shoot when there is less or no crowd around the building so that you can get right focus. 
  • Shoot in high aperture value (larger depth of field) and slow film speed (ISO) to get better colors and output. (Subject to lighting conditions)

Related reading:
http://www.ephotozine.com/article/how-to-photograph-buildings-4782
http://photo.net/learn/architectural/exterior

Sunday, 22 May 2011

Street Photography

What is Street Photography?
Street photography is an art of taking candid photography in public places. Its a type of documentary photography. Its a medium of showcasing actual face of life.
Street photography can get a bit tricky affair if certain things are not taken into consideration. 

Street Vendor at Marina Beach, Chennai, India
  • Although you don't carry huge gear in most of the cases to take those candid shots you have to depend on capabilities that your camera provides.
  • Go out when there is enough light so that you don't have to depend on tripod, monopod or any other alternative. 
  • You must be ready to face dramatic change in weather and different lighting conditions. 
  • Carry good backpack / camera bag that will allow you to mover around freely. 
  • Take permission of people whom you are clicking if possible else don't make it obvious that you are taking them in the frame.  
  • If someone refuses you to take their picture, be sensitive to their request. Apologize if you have already clicked. 
  • A good smile on your face will help you in most of the cases, You wouldn't want to smile when in tense situations when it inappropriate.
  • Wide angle lenses help. You can go very close to the subject and point the camera away from them and still have them in the frame. This help avoid that awkward feeling which may develop otherwise.
  • If available use live view option of your camera to frame the subject this way you can avoid making them feel awkward and it may not appear that you are actually taking a picture unless you use a flash. Also if your camera allows you to tilt the screen you can try shooting from different angles.
Initially you may feel tentative with street photography, but once you have your experiences you may start liking it!


Saturday, 21 May 2011

Sports Photography

What is Sports photography?

Sport photography is a specialized form of action photography which is focused on capturing moments from any sport.

If you are a person who loves sports and loves photography,  you may want to become a sports photographer because not only you will enjoy doing it, but you will also get free and best seats at the stadium!!

Right gear is very important
For sports photography you may need to be ready with right gear for the occasion, like:
  • Cameras that support wide range of ISO.
  • Cameras that support fast shutter speeds.
  • Cameras with fast continuous shooting modes.
  • Multiple lenses with wide angle and zooming capabilities, telephoto zoom lens.
  • A monopod as using tripod may cause problems by taking more space and restricting mobility.
  • High capacity and high speed memory cards.
  • Two cameras if possible so you don't miss the moments while changing lenses.
  • Remote device for clicking will help avoid blur.
  • Extra batteries.

Few Tips:

  • Opening up aperture a bit will help in low light situation and produce great results by fading the fore ground and the background around the scene.
  • Though using very shallow depth of fields can make it difficult for focusing on subject.
  • Using auto focus capability of camera helps as it takes more time to get manual focus and you might miss the right moment doing that.
  • If you are using memory card with smaller capacity, shoot in Jpg mode. This will allow you to take more numbers of shots to choose from later on.

Trust your luck!
In sport photography you also need to trust your luck, there are various odds that are against you. Like you may not have freedom to move in close to the action scene. You wont know when something interesting will happen. You may not get the angle of shot that you desire.
Patience is the key, if you loose concentration you may miss the moment.


To read more about other types of photography click here

Related reading:
http://www.digital-photography-school.com/introduction-to-sports-photography

Action Photography

Freeze and Blur
What is action photography?
It is an art of freezing a moment out of any act of motion (action) or capture that blur to show the action. One can also do both of these to get amazing results where one object is frozen in focus and another in motion behind it.

In this world we see two kinds of things around us.
  • Stationary objects and living things
  • Moving objects and living things 




Action in snow!
Flight!


 
Its easier to capture those things in your camera which are stationary if there is enough light falling on it. Challenge arise when things start moving, from one place to another (eg. Flying Birds), one light to another (eg. Car moving into a tunnel), one level to another (eg. Kid Jumping into a pool) or even if they are moving being fixed at one end (eg. Trees in the wind).




I personally like this form of photography very much! On one hand can get fantastic outcomes by freezing a moment of very obvious motion like a bird taking off for a flight or woman dancing, kids playing in snow. On the other hand you an capture certain subtle motion and show that blur to bring out that drama, like flowing wave, rivers, waterfalls, moving trees, grass etc.






For action photography its very important to know how to control the shutter of your camera. You can create different results for the same subject using different shutter speed. 
Along with that you may also want to play with film speed (ISO) and depth of field (Aperture) depending on amount of light you are working with and amount of blur you want to produce / reduce. 
Anticipation is key and you may need to move with the subject at times to get the result you desire.
One has to be totally aware of his / her surrounding to avoid any unanticipated accidents.
Especially when you are trying to shoot animals, insects etc in motion make sure you maintain fair amount of distance from them. Preferably use zoom cameras in such cases.






To read more about other types of photography click here

Related reading:
http://www.digital-photography-school.com/using-flash-in-action-photography
http://webdesignledger.com/inspiration/30-examples-of-perfectly-timed-action-photography
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/08/24/45-beautiful-motion-blur-photos/

Portrait Photography


What is Portrait Photography?
Portrait photography is an art of capturing portraiture for a person or a small group of people.
Portrait photography mainly focuses on capturing the face and expressions of a person or group in frame.
Its a common misunderstanding that portraits are shot indoors, these can also be shot outdoors as well and you can get amazing results.

In the article below I have shared some tips and tricks that will help you take better portfolio pictures. 

Some common tips:
  • Make your model comfortable so that they don’t look stressed out in the photo.
  • Carefully choose your location in case you are not shooting in a studio type of environment.
  • Choose blank or clean background ideally a contrasting one or play with different shades.
  • Keep model in focus not the background
  • Tightly crop model into the frame to avoid distractions by other objects.
  • Don’t use flash directly on face / eyes.
  • Focus on the eyes of model.
  • Use shallow depth of field, f3 – f5
  • Using 70 – 200 mm lens will give better results
  • Follow rules of third and pyramid composition where ever appropriate. 





Studio (Indoor) portrait shooting:
Use of light is key to taking good portrait pictures indoors. One must ensure that model is well lit ideally by using soft light unless you expect to get some dramatic effect in the picture.
There are many lighting techniques that are used by professional photographers today. Some of the popular ones are:

  • Edge lighting
  • Butterfly lighting
  • Three-point lighting
  • Window lighting


Environmental (Outdoor) portrait shooting:
Sun is your best friend while you are shooting portraits outdoor. Keep him on your side. If you click pictures keeping him behind the model you will be able to shoot Silhouette.
Use golden our for the light is soft and during this time and you can get best results.



Interesting article on lessons from Mona Lisa to the photographers:
http://www.digital-photography-school.com/what-the-mona-lisa-can-teach-you-about-taking-great-portraits





Few of more portrait pictures:

Model: Ashwini



 
To read more about other types of photography click here


Related reading:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_photography
http://photo.net/learn/portraits/
http://www.digital-photography-school.com/portrait-photography-tips

Wednesday, 4 May 2011

Types of photography

What are different types of photography?
Which one will suit me?
If these are the kind of questions floating on your mind, may be this article will help.

There are many different types of photography defined by photographers in past to convey what they are photographing in as accurate manner possible. In this post let us try and do a bit of categorizing ourselves!

Lets get a view from 100 kilometers above earth’s surface and have a look on either side.  Any photograph we would take beyond this point will be Astrophotography.
That will be a bit too far to travel so lets get back to earth and focus on what is here!

To make it convenient let me divide photography into two main categories. One everything related to people and what we do, another everything else let me call it nature.
  • People related photography
  • Nature related photography
Now that we have our main categories lets look into further sub categories that fit into these.



Few popular types under People related photography would be:
  • Portrait Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Studio Photography
  • Action Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Sports Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Street Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Photo Journalism - :: read more details ::
  • Architecture Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Documentary Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Fine art Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Food Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Event Photography - :: read more details ::
  • Stock Photography - :: read more details soon ::
  • Fashion Photography - :: read more details soon ::
  • Glamor Photography - :: read more details soon ::
  • Poster Photography - :: read more details soon ::
  • Industrial Photography - :: read more details soon ::
  • Real-estate Photography - :: read more details soon ::
  • Wedding Photography - :: read more details soon ::
  • Advertising Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Artistic Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Science Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Micro Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Medical Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Forensic Photography - :: read more details soon ::

    Few popular types under Nature related photography would be:
    • Wild life Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Pet Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Scenic Photography:
      • Landscape photography - :: read more details soon ::
      • Seascape Photography - :: read more details soon ::
      • Cityscape photography - :: read more details soon ::
      • Aerial Photography - :: read more details soon ::
      • Panoramic Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Night Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Time-Lapse Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Travel Photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Under water photography - :: read more details soon ::
    • Macro Photography - :: read more details soon ::

    There are a few subcategories, which may fit into either of main categories. I have put them under what I felt would be closest

    Another high-level categorization can be based on type of light you are playing with:
    • Color Photography
    • Black & White Photography
    • Infrared Photography
    • Ultraviolet Photography, etc.


    Tuesday, 3 May 2011

    Types of Camera


    Which Kind of camera should I buy?

    What kind of cameras are available in market?

    How is SLRs different from other cameras?

    Many such questions would have crossed your mind.There are various types of Cameras to choose from. 
    In this blog I have touched briefly upon a few popular type of Digital cameras that you might be interested in. Hope this helps you a bit in making your buying decision if you are planning to buy one.

    Compact Digital Camera:
    Also know as Point and shoot camera, these are the simplest in terms of use, tiny and easy to carry. Some of these camera provide various presets that user can select for adding verity to their photography though these are best for casual photography.

    Advantages:
    • Fits well within budget for most of photography enthusiasts.
    • Thin and  small in size, very easy to carry around, most of the cameras are close to size of visiting card.
    • Least complicated way of taking pictures. You don’t have to worry about various modes and settings, let the camera do all the thinking.
    Disadvantages:
    • Camera decides on how the output picture will be. Photographer will have least control over the output.
    • These cameras have very small sensors and produce lower quality of picture output.
    • They have limited zooming capabilities. There are a few exceptions. 
    • Support comparatively smaller megapixels.
    • These do not support external accessories used with camera for photography such a polarizer, filter, remote trigger etc.
    • Photographers cannot shoot in RAW file format.
    Targeted users:
    • These cameras are purely consumer model and are meant to be used by anyone who want to take casual pictures.

    Bridge Camera
    Also know as Prosumers meaning mix of professional and consumer camera models.  These cameras are one step above the point and shoot cameras, which would suit you if you are planning to start with some serious photography.

    Advantages:
    • These are comparatively smaller in size, comparatively easier to be carried around.
    • Most of latest digital prosumer cameras provide good wide angle and zoom capability, meaning you don’t have to change lenses for getting desired results.
    • Provide good flexibility to the photographer for choosing a desired mode and control quality of output.
    • If you have a comparatively smaller budget and want to have a camera that will provide you lot of features and flexibility to use different modes including manual then you can consider buying.
    Disadvantages:
    • These cameras have comparatively smaller sensors than their bigger brothers and sisters (SLRs) and hence produce lower quality of picture.
    • Does not provide photographer flexibility of using lenses of their choice to suit the situation.
    • Most of these do not support external accessories used with camera for photography such a polarizer, filter, remote trigger etc.
    • Overall quality of equipment, sensor, lens, electronics, technology is low and cannot be compared to higher end SLR cameras.
    • Photographers cannot shoot in RAW file format.
    Targeted users:
    • Anyone wishing to take their first step towards serious photography,
    • Casual photographers who like to get better control over their pictures.

    Digital Single-lens reflex camera
    In-short DSLRs are the one of the most advanced cameras in existence today. These are the digital version of single-lens reflex cameras. SLR comes from fact these camera uses single lens to transmit light (Image) which is further reflected by a mirror so that you see what you are going to capture through the viewfinder. Too technical for this article? May be, though if you are going the DSLR way these things are good to know.

    Advantages:
    • These cameras come with cropped sensor and full sensor which are bigger than above mentioned siblings. Output picture is much better.
    • Allows photographer flexibility of using lenses of their choice. Different kind of lenses can be used with camera body to suit the kind of photography like Landscape, Portrait, Sports, Macro photography to name a few.
    • These support external accessories such a polarizer, filter, remote trigger etc. to give further control over the picture output.
    • Provide complete flexibility to the photographer for choosing a desired mode and control quality of output.
    • Photographer can shoot in RAW file format. This providers further flexibility during processing the pictures.
    • Overall quality of equipment, sensor, lens, electronics, technology is way better.
    Disadvantages:
    • These are bigger in size, comparatively heavier, and not so easy to be carried around, especially while travelling. If you are carrying more lenses and accessories, this add ups to a separate luggage in itself.
    • Quite a costly option. Bigger the sensor, better the technology higher the price.
    Targeted users:
    • Serious hobby photographers.
    • Professional photographers.

    There are many more types of camera you may want to research on, few are listed below:
    • TLR - Twin-lens reflex camera
    • Rangefinder camera
    • Pinhole camera
    • Toy Camera
    • View Camera

    Monday, 2 May 2011

    Let there be Light

    How is a picture formed?
    When a rays of light reflect from a surface pass through the lens of the camera and fall on sensor an inverted image of what you see through the view finder is formed. This is further processed by the camera to give the correct output.
    In simple words "A photograph is a picture painted by using light(s)"

    Just like its important for every painter to know about colors and medium they are using for their paintings, It is important for every photographer  to learn a bit about light.
    In this article I wanted to share some of the basic pointers on Art and Science of Light. Hope this will help you do better photography.

    Art of using Light
    Right use of light can make a picture magnificent at the same time if you stumble you will end up taking weird, dull, and uninteresting pictures. Following pointers should assist you take some decisions while you are shooting.
    • Angle of light: While taking a picture make sure your where your source of light is and how it is falling on your subject. A photographer can choose to play with shadow and brightness  by either choosing reflectors or another angle to shoot from to get desired results.
    • Shadows: Certain kind of shadows are good and leave an artistic look on your subject, but some which are created behind the subject either by source any of light (natural or unnatural) can spoil the image unless used artistically from correct angles. 
    • Silhouettes: One of my favorite photographing techniques is when you capture the subject, where  there is minimum or no light falling on the subject. Source of light would ideally be behind the subject to give it a perfect shadow look. 
    • Bright patches: Avoid over exposing the subject or clicking from angles which would leave bright patches on subject as these not only spoil the pictures in most of the cases but also are difficult to manage during post processing on an image. 
    • Painting with light: This can be fun technique if done right. This requires cameras with slow shutter capabilities and artificial source of light. This can be while its dark and needs a bit of planning to get desired results. 
    • The Drama: Same location can look dramatically different in your photograph while  you shoot at different time of a day or in different climatic conditions. Its suggested to shoot outdoors during early mornings & evening when the light is not too harsh, some call it as period of good light or "Golden hour" (30 minutes before and 30 minutes after sunrise & sunset).
      There are some photographers who like using harsh lights for giving that artistic touch. Now a days there are advanced techniques that allow one to shoot in harsh lights and yet get good results during post processing. 

    Science of light
    Science is light is a huge topic and can be studied by completely studying Quantum physics and related subjects. Below I have shared only those few bullet points which I think will help you in shooting if you keep them in mind:
    • Light is a form of electro magnetic radiant energy which our eyes are sensitive to.
    • Out of wide spectrum of electromagnetic energies is a very small portion which is visible to eyes. 
    • Light travels at different speed through different mediums, like air, water, glass, etc. 
    • Speed is different for each color.
    • Red is cool! Blue is hot!  - That's true going by color temperature of light on Kelvin scale. 
    • Light travels in straight line, unless reflected, absorbed, refracted or transmitted by an object or another medium. 
    • Light travels at a constant speed in a given medium.
    • Light radiates in all direction from it source. Longer the distance it spreads more and hence its intensity reduces. It becomes important to keep this in mind while  selecting exposure settings.
    • Earlier sole source of light was sun, now there are more options such as tungsten lamps, tungsten-halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, and electronic flash
    • There are two kinds of external light source, flood lights and spot lights. These kind of lights can be created using various lighting accessories. 
    • Artificial lights of different color, intensity and quality should no be mixed unless you want some kind of special effect. 

    {Watch this space for more info in future}

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